Reflect Cultural Awareness in Work Practice - 11472 Words

Reflect cultural awareness in work practice Contents Demonstrate awareness of culture as a factor in all human behaviour by using culturally appropriate work practicesUse work practices that create a culturally and psychologically safe environment for all personsReview and modify work practices in consultation with people from diverse backgrounds People who identify with a particular culture have a lot of things in common, eg food, traditional costumes, music and so on. However, there are also lots of ways in which people within one culture differ. Their differences may occur due to when they (or their ancestors) arrived in Australia, how long they have been living in Australia, their socio-economic background, their level of education,†¦show more content†¦Some of the difficulties associated with the migration experience are listed below:  · communication and language difficulties  · difficulties adjusting to different foods  · difficulties adjusting to the new culture and society: socialising, work practices, housing arrangements  · feelings of isolation and loss of family and friends who did not migrate  · fear of the unknown  · nostalgia for home and feelings of homesickness  · facing stereotyping and prejudice in the new country. Forced migration: Effects on the individual (refugee) While it is common to hear about ‘migrants and refugees’, it is important to recognise that the two terms refer to very different groups of people. While both groups have effectively moved from one country to another, the circumstances leading up to that move are markedly different for each group. Under existing Australian and international law, a refugee is defined as a person who has been forced to leave their country of origin due to the experience, or valid fear of, persecution on the grounds. These grounds may be:  · race  · religion  · nationality  · political opinion  · membership of a particular social group. The person must also feel unable to return to their country of origin due to the experienced or anticipated persecution. What do you think are the major differences between migrants and refugees in terms of theirShow MoreRelatedHow Canada Is A Country Of Diversity, Inclusion, And Acceptance1579 Words   |  7 Pagesthat are of a different ethnic/ cultural background in the near future or even currently. 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Legal and Ethical Expectations Student counselors work with all populations within a school environment, no matter the culture. â€Å"There has been a growing need to develop a deeper knowledge and awareness of race and ethnicity in psychology and to integrate race and ethnicity into the practice, research, education, and ethicsRead MoreCultural Intelligence Of The Semrush American And Russian Managers And Its Impact On The Cross Cultural Communication1552 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrates the reasons and explanations for the research on cultural intelligence of the SEMrush American and Russian managers and its impact on the cross-cultural communication within the company. The following literature review consists of three sections. The first section will focus on the concept of cultural intelligence, 4 factors model and training of cultural intelligence. The second section will cover the research of managerial cultural intelligence in different environment, especially in theRead MoreCommunity As A Social Enviro nment1624 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor organizing concepts of human life: social ties, religion, social network, family, and occupation. Life of individuals influenced by socio-cultural, political, economic, and other realities —that reflect the cultural norms, values, and beliefs of their particular social context. These formal and informal rules, and the values, beliefs and norms they reflect, have historical roots, and they affect how individuals live, behave and interact with their immediate environment; their relationships withRead MoreCultural Awareness And A Global Mindset979 Words   |  4 Pages‘Cultural Awareness and a Global Mindset’ Management in Practice is a very special module for me because it provides me a chance to study with international friends and study in a diverse environment. 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Schools1334 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout our course I have become more and more interested in the idea of Westernized pedagogical practices in the classrooms of U.S. schools . More specifically, during our course I was inspired to explore how literacy and the teaching of reading have perpetuated dominant stereotypes in the classroom and how these Western ideas and canon have affected students’ perception of a culturally diverse and inclusive classroom. 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How to Get Software Requirements Right Free Essays

How to get Software Requirements right Abstract The importance of getting the software requirement right has made big difference to so many major projects in the IT industry. Many techniques and solutions have been developed for understanding and getting software requirements right first time in the software development life cycle, but fewer people are taking these techniques into account and this is the reason why most of the IT projects are failing. I define here how to get software requirements right and why it has become some important to get software requirements right. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Get Software Requirements Right or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Requirements Analysis is known as the process which allows us to understand the customer needs and expectation from proposed software. It is the first and one of the main stages in the Software Development Life Cycle model. Software requirements are functional and non-functional requirements of the system, which includes a brief description of how a system should behave as well as brief descriptions of a system’s functions. Software requirements can state what an application is expected to do. Outsource2India pointed out that â€Å"the software requirement analysis process includes the complex task of eliciting and documenting the requirements of all the users, modelling and analysing the requirements and documenting them as a basis for system design†. There are different level and types of software requirement, which should be defined to get software requirements right. As shown in Figure 1, Business level requirements are there to define the business problem, business opportunities as well as what business is requesting as a solution of the problem. A user level requirement looks at the functionality of the software from user’s view. Product level requirements are where we define functional and non-functional requirements of the system such as the functionalities of the software and the usability needs it should meet. The reason why Software Requirements is known to be very important and major role in developing a project is because it gives the developer a brief description of what he/she needs to develop. It gives them better understanding of a system, which results in better system. Eliciting, analysing and writing good requirements is the hardest and most difficult part of building a software system because if you don’t get the requirements right, it doesn’t matter how well you do anything else. It is said Outsource2India that â€Å"Software companies are now investing time and resources into effective and streamlined Software Requirements Analysis Processes as a prerequisite to successful projects that align with the client’s business goals and meet the project’s requirement specifications†. If the requirements of software are incomplete, software practitioners will end up building software that does not meet the needs of the customer and the user. State of the Art As mentioned earlier, requirement analysis is one of the most important phases in the entire software development life cycle. It is very important to identify and understand the software requirement before moving on to other phases of software development life cycle. It was said by Pooja. R. Gupta that â€Å"When project managers plan for the software development they need to plan for adequate time and resource allocation for this phase†. Experienced requirement analyst like Hooks and Ferry has said that result of getting requirement right, early in the project, can save one-third or more of the overall project budget, which again states how important it is to get software requirements right in order to save time, money as well as achieve goals of the software. Another experienced requirement analyst Leffingwell points out that if you get your software requirements right at the beginning then it can save you the cost of fixing requirements errors as the cost of fixing requirements account for 70% to 80% of your rework costs. Getting requirements right is the most critical aspect of the software development cycle. Software Productivity Centre mentioned that most of the companies come up short; studies point to a failure rate of more than 60% for IT projects, with poor requirements as one of the top five reasons. Moreover, when requirements are specified early in the lifecycle, 80% of the functionality is relatively unwanted by the users and 45% of these features are never used. These problems mean costly rework, compromised product quality, delayed delivery on current projects and start of new ones, lost credibility and lowered revenue opportunities. Developing and managing requirements at the start of a software project can provide significant benefits to the whole outcome: – Quicker and easier to develop and deliver high value products. – Greater insights into development capacity and capabilities. – Better understanding of the organisation and customer needs. – Higher business and user satisfaction with the overall product. – Closer alignment with business goals and expectations. – Cost saving – Result of the product is what the company actually required so get a product that meets the requirements of the system. Reduces rework and conflicts which would have come from unclear and ambiguous requirements. How to get the requirements right? According to Pooja. R. Guptam, in order to get the software requirements right, it can be very beneficial to cover all the following aspects of requirement analysis: 1. Define the problem and High level description of the solution: It is very im portant to understand the problem and the need for solution. The requirement analyst needs to understand how the new solution going to help and what benefits it is going to provide to the company. 2. Cover needs of all stakeholders and users of the solution: At this point, you must identify and understand the needs of the stake holders as well the users who are ultimately going to use the new system because you need to produce the system, which meets user requirements. 3. Define what the solution should and should not do: It is very obvious that we might know what the solution should do but we always forget the we also need to understand and define what the solution will not do so that requirements can be stated in a manner that we won’t be left with any imagination or doubts. 4. Define the features required: This is one of the main tasks of a requirement analyst. It is very important to define the functional and non-functional requirements of the software solution before starting to design the solution. Defining the functional and non-functional requirement is not all that needs to be done; you must also make sure that they are the correct requirements. 5. Capture all supporting information: It’s a good idea to include and record details of any processes followed, workflow, information flow, etc. It is also beneficial to record any other information which might be relevant to the solution. Conclusion In my opinion, I believe software requirements play quite a big role in the whole software development life cycle. The experience of developing such software project has made it so clear how important software requirement can be. Defining software requirements earlier in the project can provide the best solution of a system at the end. In my personal experience of developing software projects has given me the idea of how to get software requirements right, which are to firstly create requirement definition because it is the foundation of effective software delivery. Secondly, define requirements among stakeholders to address their needs, business problems and the vision of the software so that stakeholder’s goals and objectives can be met because if stakeholders requirements are not met or unclear then the developer will have difficulty building the solution without rework, which results in longer development lifecycles and higher costs. By investing more time on software requirements early in the software development process can save time, effort as well as money in the short and long terms. By following these paths in developing software projects can lead to a successful system. As mentioned earlier about the types of requirements that should be identified before moving to other part of software life cycle. It is very important to define all the business level, user level and the product level requirements because a developer needs all of these requirements in order to develop the right software. It is a very idea to follow the software development life cycles, which defines that requirement analysis is the first process of developing a project. In my previous projects, I believe a software development model has helped in defining the right requirements so it is a good advice to take this into consideration when designing any kind of software projects. Requirement Definition process also helps in defining the right requirement. References James A. Ward http://www. stickyminds. com/sitewide. asp? Function=edetailObjectType=ARTObjectId=9150tth=DYNtt=siteemailiDyn=2 Software Productivity Centre http://www. spc. ca/dc_software_requirements. htm Pooja R. Gupta http://ezinearticles. com/? Five-Tips-For-Getting-the-Software-Requirement-Analysis-Right-the-First-Timeid=1714473 IBM http://www. utdallas. edu/~chung/RE/Getting_requirements_right-avoiding_the_top_10_traps. pdf Brianna Smith, delivery engagement manager, Rational software, IBM Software Group Lisa Garrity, technical professional, Rational software, IBM Software Group Theresa Kratschmer, senior software engineer, Rational software, IBM Software Group http://www. modernanalyst. com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/1084/Getting-Your-Requirements-Right-Collaborate-With-Stakeholders-To-Work-Smarter. aspx My project Management http://myprojectmanagement. com/category/requirement-analysis/ How to cite How to Get Software Requirements Right, Papers

Scope and Time Management Plans Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theScope and Time Management Plans. Answer: Introduction The project report is prepared for St. Dismas medical Center for the identification of the goals and objectives of the project. The project is developed for construction of a medical health center with all the modern treatment facility. The report consists of the scope stamen tent of the project and the work break down structure used for dividing the project into smaller manageable compounds and reduce the errors in the project. A schedule is created for the project for the estimation of the time line and the budget and it is followed for completion of the project successfully. Project goals and Objectives The project is prepared for St. Dismas Medical center for solving the current problem faced by the organization and help the organization to gain measurable profit. The main issues identified in the business case is the management of the admission rates and refurbishment of the current building infrastructure. The main goal of the company is the implementation of functional operational changes in the current business process for meeting the expected outcomes of the business. The objectives identified for the development of the project are listed below: To renovate the current building of the office within the budget estimated To analyze the current requirement and the schedule for arrangement of meetings and make the requirement clear The identify the hardware and the software required for the development of the project Project Scope Statement The project is developed by focusing on the different action that is required for the construction of the building. The project manager should monitor the progress of the project for completing it within the proposed budget and the time. A proper survey should be conducted for analysis of the market condition and the creating a list of resource required for the completion of the project. The services that should be provided and the technology that can be used for the project should be analyzed for reducing the errors in the project and reduce the effort off the development team. There are different assessment tools that can be used for accessing the requirement and meeting must be arranged with the medical representative for identification of the medical needs. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) The work breakdown structure of the project is created for dividing the schedule into manageable component and assign roles and responsibility for the management of the task. The work break down structure helps the stakeholders to find the roles and responsibility they are assigned to the project and follow it for the development of the project. Project Schedule For the development of the project schedule the main resources identified are the Chief Finance Officer (CFO), Marketing Vice President (VP), the construction project manager and Chief Legal Council (CLC). For increasing the accuracy of the project development the responsibility is needed to be assigned and the progress must be monitored for the completion of each of the activity in time. Task Name Duration Start Construction project schedule 377 days Mon 09-04-18 Project initiation 76 days Mon 09-04-18 Furnishing Construction 3 days Mon 09-04-18 Facility in construction 4 days Thu 12-04-18 Foundation and excavation (basement/1st floor slab) 10 days Wed 18-04-18 Structure (steel/framing) 4 days Wed 02-05-18 Interiors (drywall/ceiling/flooring/case goods) 7 days Tue 08-05-18 units ready for occupancy preparation (light assisted) 6 days Thu 17-05-18 First 45 units ready for residents 7 days Fri 25-05-18 Remaining (light heavy) 57 units ready for preparation of occupancy 3 days Tue 05-06-18 Construction complete 4 days Fri 08-06-18 residential planning 5 days Thu 14-06-18 Building ready for residents 8 days Thu 14-06-18 Requirements for Licensing and Legal authorization 4 days Tue 26-06-18 Research licensing requirements for residential care facility 7 days Mon 02-07-18 Uniform accessibility standard compliance (# handicap accessible beds) 5 days Wed 11-07-18 Investigate law firm and outline services 4 days Wed 18-07-18 Project planning 97 days Tue 24-07-18 Preparation of project plan for getting license 4 days Tue 24-07-18 File license by opening date 7 days Mon 30-07-18 (Access to country Rd.) Curb - cut approval from the county 8 days Wed 08-08-18 Investigating the corporate structure for assisted in living 5 days Wed 08-08-18 Determination of membership for Board of Trustee 2 days Wed 15-08-18 Appointment of Board of Trustees 3 days Fri 17-08-18 Preparation of draft Code for Regulation 6 days Wed 22-08-18 Preparation of document and filing for governance structure 3 days Thu 30-08-18 48 Arrangement of Draft service with St. Dismas enlisting the services provided 4 days Tue 04-09-18 Lease issues 7 days Mon 10-09-18 Research on requirements for Long Term Care insurance 5 days Mon 10-09-18 Facility rules defined (i.e., smoking, fi rearms, pets, financial planning) 5 days Mon 17-09-18 Spell out changes for residents in moving from light to heavy assisted 8 days Mon 24-09-18 Preparation of Lease template 7 days Thu 04-10-18 Checking compliance of all marketing materials 2 days Mon 15-10-18 Planning for Operational Implementation 7 days Wed 17-10-18 Management/ Organization structure 4 days Fri 26-10-18 Recruitment hiring of Executive Director 6 days Fri 26-10-18 Analyzing Interior design issues (furnishings, etc.) 3 days Mon 05-11-18 Determination of lease and furnished details of the units 5 days Thu 08-11-18 Determination of interior budget 8 days Thu 15-11-18 Determination of Carpet and wall finish 4 days Tue 27-11-18 Furniture and room layout 7 days Tue 27-11-18 Other planning development 60 days Thu 06-12-18 Facility and equipment needs defined 5 days Thu 06-12-18 Staffing determined 7 days Thu 13-12-18 Office space for physicians 6 days Mon 24-12-18 Determination of 66 Medical staffing needs appointment of directors 5 days Mon 24-12-18 Food service 7 days Tue 01-01-19 Selection of menus 4 days Thu 10-01-19 Determination of Waiting and service staffing needs 8 days Wed 16-01-19 Analysis of additional equipment 4 days Mon 28-01-19 Deployment of telecommunications services 7 days Mon 28-01-19 Investigation on options of phone service 4 days Wed 06-02-19 Certification/ Accreditation requirements 4 days Tue 12-02-19 Investigation on the timing requirements of the applicants 8 days Mon 18-02-19 Development phase 40 days Thu 28-02-19 Development of clinical and operational quality monitoring systems 3 days Thu 28-02-19 Develop financial systems (billing, etc.) 4 days Tue 05-03-19 Human resources 7 days Mon 11-03-19 Work force management recommendations 7 days Wed 20-03-19 Project plan for recruitment developed 6 days Wed 20-03-19 Policies and procedures developed 4 days Thu 28-03-19 Obtain samples of assisted living policies and procedure from other institutions 5 days Wed 03-04-19 Investigate assisted living laws proposed 4 days Wed 10-04-19 other states/federal consideration 7 days Tue 16-04-19 Legal regulation consideration 61 days Thu 25-04-19 Technology information systems 4 days Thu 25-04-19 Develop plan for technology access for residents (TV, Cable, PC s) 7 days Wed 01-05-19 Investigate software/technology options 8 days Fri 10-05-19 Marketing planning phase 5 days Fri 10-05-19 Marketing 2 days Wed 22-05-19 Emailing the community for the construction project 7 days Fri 24-05-19 Arrangement of informal meetings 6 days Fri 17-05-19 Volunteers of St. Dismas 4 days Mon 27-05-19 Group of community 3 days Fri 31-05-19 St. Dismas staff (all shifts) 5 days Wed 05-06-19 Preparation of presentation for Speakers Bureau 14 days Wed 12-06-19 Updating the community 8 days Tue 02-07-19 Establishment of enquiry log 4 days Fri 12-07-19 Groundbreaking ceremony during National Hospital 5 days Fri 12-07-19 Marketing plan developed and implementation 31 days Fri 19-07-19 Establishment of contract with the PR firm 7 days Fri 19-07-19 Development of the marketing plan 4 days Tue 30-07-19 Determination of the name and sign for implementation of facility 5 days Tue 30-07-19 Hiring of Marketing Director 8 days Tue 06-08-19 Implementation of marketing plan 7 days Fri 16-08-19 Implementation of marketing plan 4 days Tue 27-08-19 Project closure phase 12 days Mon 02-09-19 stakeholders signoff 4 days Mon 02-09-19 Final project documentation 5 days Fri 06-09-19 Post project maintenance planning 3 days Fri 13-09-19 Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that theproject management methodology is required to be followed by the project manager for the development of the project and delivering it on the proposed time and the budget. The requirement of the St. Dismal Medical Center project should be clearly understood for reducing the errors in the project. The construction of the new building for the accommodation of the patients and implementation of new technology for increasing the efficiency of the treatment procedure must be managed for the completion of the task. The finance manager should control the flow of the cash and estimate the investment for calculating the return of investment on the project. Bibliography Alexiou, S., 2017, April. How an impact plan can build on the success of your project-from proposal to legacy. InEGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts(Vol. 19, p. 14635). Fellows, R.F. and Liu, A.M., 2015.Research methods for construction. John Wiley Sons. Parks, M., 2016. Project Proposal: The Effect of Semantics on Word Order. Thamhain, H.J., 2014. Assessing the effectiveness of quantitative and qualitative methods for RD project proposal evaluations.Engineering Management Journal,26(3), pp.3-12. Walker, A., 2015. Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Yet, B., Constantinou, A., Fenton, N., Neil, M., Luedeling, E. and Shepherd, K., 2016. A Bayesian network framework for project cost, benefit and risk analysis with an agricultural development case study.Expert Systems with Applications,60, pp.141-155.

Survey Of Romantic Versus Realism Paintings Essays - Art History

Survey Of Romantic Versus Realism Paintings A Survey of Romantic and Realistic Paintings Fantasy and reality occupy our worlds everyday. One sees this world around himself and he retreats to what he wishes it was. Why shouldn't he paint about it? The portrayal of fantastic and realistic notions occupied the activity of painters from the mid 1800's to the 20th century. The period of Romantic painting lies roughly from the mid 1700s to the mid/later 1800s, while paintings from the movement of Realism are grouped from the mid 1800s to the 1900s. The aspect of a Romantic composition's balance is characterized by diagonals and tension. Disproportion, imbalance and a feeling of pushing and pulling within the depth of the composition can also be observed. While movement and activity is characteristic of Romantic paintings, a still, quiet, stationary behavior epitomizes Realism paintings. In Eugene Isabey's Boat Ashore at Calas (1851), simple romantic elements comprise the piece: diagonals and smoke. A main diagonal line emphasizes the downward slope of a shore lined with beached boats resting upon the sand. A challenging inferior diagonal line of a small group of people and their dinghies cross the main diagonal flow. The two lines of tension resolve at the lower center of the composition highlighting the main, looming subject - a dark massive apparition of a docked, freight boat enshrouded by blackening smoke. This is in contrast to Gustave Courbet's depiction of sea life in The Calm Sea (1869). The painting resembles a high re solution black and white photograph. Realistic elements are the stationary flatness of the horizon and the solitary presence of two single beached boats. The portrayal of the shoreline, horizon and cloud formation is horizontally stable, thus emphasizing the calmness of the sea. Baron Antoine-Jean Gros' Murat Defeating the Turkish Army (1805) is a composition which presents an overwhelming flow of diagonal tension. Murat is centered in the composition uprightly astride on his horse, while the Turkish army surrounds him in every conceivable contortion of agony. The Turkish general faces Murat, yet he is positioned diagonally right below Murat in an inferior military pose. Compared to Murat, Courbet's Bonjour Monsieur Courbet (1854) finds a very stable balance in the subject of two men saying good-bye to another man. The subject can be divided by the two men on the left and the backpacked man on the right. Stability is emphasized by the strong vertical presence of the men in direct co ntrast to the flat planed background. The use of balance and tension in Romanticism and Realism is not restricted to it's compositional flow but also to the the painter's use of his palette. The use of color in Romantic paintings is bold visually and figuratively. It's usage is implemented to represent a feeling or an ideal. The presence of a color may not be realistically representative. For example, if the blood of a corrupt official is painted, it might be painted black or green, rather than red. There is also a heavy application of paint from the brush. The presence of a blurring smoke is also present in much of Romantic paintings. Blurring smoke has many uses, although it's usual function is to detach and glorify the main subject from the rest of the background. Color in Realism is highly refined. Color defines the object and is representative of colors in real life - a person's blood will usually be red. Lighter brushstrokes are implemented conservatively to represent a true visual representation of reality. The use of color representation can be observed in Gros' Murat and Courbet's Bonjour. The victorious Murat is clothed in blue and white upon a white horse, sur rounded by the perishing Turkish swirls of orange and red. Anything that is orange or red around Murat is in a pose of impaled misery. All orange and red is contorted to reveal the imposing presence of Murat. In Bonjour, colors stay inside their lines. The colors used on the men's clothing are very specific to reveal the texture of the clothing. This restriction of color succeeds in giving the painting a quaint realistic candidness. The contrasting use of clouds and smoke can be noted in the romantic works of Gros' Murat and Francois Boucher's

History of Tikal

History of Tikal Tikal (tee-KAL) is a ruined Maya city located in the northern Petà ©n province of Guatemala. During the heyday of the Maya Empire, Tikal was a very important and influential city, controlling vast stretches of territory and dominating smaller city-states. Like the rest of the great Maya cities, Tikal fell into decline around 900 A.D. or so and was eventually abandoned. It is currently an important archaeological and tourism site Early History at Tikal Archaeological records near Tikal go back to about 1000 B.C. and by 300 B.C. or so it was already a thriving city. By the Maya early Classic era (roughly 300 A.D.) it was an important urban center, thriving as other nearby cities declined. The Tikal royal lineage traced their roots to Yax Ehb Xook, a powerful early ruler who lived sometime during the Preclassic period. The Peak of Tikals Power At the dawn of the Maya Classic era, Tikal was one of the most important cities in the Maya region. In 378, the ruling Tikal dynasty was replaced by representatives of the mighty northern city of Teotihuacan: it is unclear if the takeover was military or political. Other than a change in the royal family, this does not seem to have altered Tikal’s rise to prominence. Soon Tikal was the dominant city in the region, controlling several other smaller city-states. Warfare was common, and sometime in the late sixth century, Tikal was defeated by Calakmul, Caracol, or a combination of the two, causing a gap in the city’s prominence and historical records. Tikal bounced back, however, once again becoming a great power. Population estimates for Tikal at its peak vary: one estimate is that of respected researcher William Haviland, who in 1965 estimated a population of 11,000 in the city center and 40,000 in the surrounding areas. Tikal Politics and Rule Tikal was ruled by a powerful dynasty which sometimes, but not always, passed power down from father to son. This unnamed family ruled Tikal for generations until 378 A.D. when Great Jaguar Paw, last of the line, was apparently defeated militarily or somehow deposed by Fire is Born, who was most likely from Teotihuacn, a mighty city located near present-day Mexico City. Fire is Born started a new dynasty with close cultural and trade ties to Teotihuacn. Tikal continued on its path to greatness under the new rulers, who introduced cultural elements such as pottery design, architecture, and art in the Teotihuacn style. Tikal aggressively pursued its dominance of the whole southeastern Maya region. The city of Copn, in present-day Honduras, was founded by Tikal, as was the city of Dos Pilas. War with Calakmul Tikal was an aggressive superpower which frequently scrapped with its neighbors, but its most important conflict was with the city-state of Calakmul, located in the present-day Mexican state of Campeche. Their rivalry began sometime in the sixth century as they vied for vassal states and influence. Calakmul was able to turn some of Tikal’s vassal states against their former ally, most notably Dos Pilas and Quirigu. In 562 Calakmul and its allies defeated Tikal in battle, beginning a hiatus in Tikal’s power. Until 692 A.D. there would be no carved dates on Tikal monuments and the historical records of this time are scant. In 695, Jasaw K’awiil I defeated Calakmul, helping propel Tikal back to its former glory. The Decline of Tikal The Maya civilization began to crumble around 700 A.D. and by 900 A.D. or so it was a shadow of its former self. Teotihuacn, once such a powerful influence on Maya politics, itself fell into ruin about 700 and was no longer a factor in Maya life, although its cultural influences in art and architecture remained. Historians disagree on why the Maya civilization collapsed: it may have been due to famine, disease, warfare, climate change or any combination of those factors. Tikal, too, declined: the last recorded date on a Tikal monument is 869 A.D. and historians think that by 950 A.D. the city was essentially abandoned. Rediscovery and Restoration Tikal was never completely lost: locals always knew of the city throughout the colonial and republican eras. Travelers occasionally visited, such as John Lloyd Stephens in the 1840s, but Tikals remoteness (getting there entailed several days trek through steamy jungles) kept most visitors away. The first archaeological teams arrived in the 1880s, but it wasnt until an airstrip was built in the early 1950s that archaeology and study of the site began in earnest. In 1955, the University of Pennsylvania began a long project at Tikal: they remained until 1969 when the Guatemalan government began research there. Tikal Today Decades of archaeological work have uncovered most of the major buildings, although a good portion of the original city is still awaiting excavation. There are many pyramids, temples, and palaces for exploring. Highlights include the Plaza of Seven Temples, the Palace at the Central Acropolis and the Lost World complex. If youre visiting the historical site, a guide is highly recommended, as youre certain to miss interesting details if youre not looking for them. Guides can also translate glyphs, explain the history, take you to the most interesting buildings and more. Tikal is one of Guatemalas most important tourism sites, enjoyed annually by thousands of visitors from all over the world. Tikal National Park, which included the archaeological complex and the surrounding rainforest, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Although the ruins themselves are fascinating, the natural beauty of Tikal National Park merits a mention as well. The rainforests around Tikal are beautiful and home to many birds and animals, including parrots, toucans, and monkeys. Sources McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 17, 2006.

Catherine the Great of all Russia

Catherine the Great of all Russia Essay Catherine II (a. k. a. Catherine the Great) Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, empress of all Russia, did much to continue the process of Westernization reforms began by Peter the Great. Catherine was devoted to art, literature, science, and politics. Many people say she had a great gift and was a great leader, thus she was awarded with the name the Great She helped develop schools, hospitals, and many other organizations for the country. She was a shrewd leader and autocrat and helped to continue and further reforms made by Peter the Great, finally making Russia a permanent European power. Originally named Sophie Frederick Augusta, Princess of Anholt-Zerbst, she was born in Stettin on May 2, 1729, the daughter of the German prince of Anholt-Zerbst . At the age of fifteen she went to Russia and married Grand Duke Peter of Holstein, heir to the Russian throne. The marriage was despondent, but intelligent and ambitious Catherine soon managed to assemble up a liaison of supporters. On October 1, 1754, Catherine gave birth to her son, the future emperor, Paul Petrovich Romanov, and three years later on December 20, 1957, she gave birth to her daughter, Anna Petrovna Romanov. Elizabeth died on December 25, 1761, and Catherines husband succeeded as Peter III. Erratic, unstable, and contemptuous of his Russian subjects, the new ruler soon made himself unpopular, especially with certain German officers. Led by Alexei Orlov (whose brother Grigori was Catherines lover) the officers staged a coup in June 1762. Peter was deposed (and subsequently murdered) and Catherine was placed on the throne in his place. Catherine was fascinated with the philosophies and theories of the Enlightenment, and was well acquainted with the literature of the French Enlightenment, which was an important influence on her own political influence. She corresponded extensively with Voltaire and Denis Diderot, gave financial support to them and a number of other French writers, and played host to Diderot at her court in 1773. Although, this gesticulation of hospitality was partially aimed at creating a favorable image in Western Europe, she was probably sincere in her interest and her hope to apply some of the ideas of the Enlightenment to rationalize and reform the administration of the Russian Empire. Imbued with the ideas of the Enlightenment, Catherine aimed at completing the job started by Peter the Greatwesternizing Russiabut she had contradictory methods. Rather then forcing society to reform, she encouraged individual initiative in pursuit of self-interest. In the early years of her reign, she sought to win the support of the Russian gentry, and, in particular Despite her interest in legal reform, the commission she appointed for that purpose failed to accomplish its goals. But eventually, she learned how to select capable assistantsfor example, Nikita Panin in foreign affairs, Alexandre Suvorov in the military, and Grigori Potemkin in administration. Among Catherines more benevolent achievements were the foundation of the first Russian school for girls and of a medical college to provide health care for her subjects. In the early years of her reign, Catherine sought to win the approval of the gentry, which was a small part of Russias population. She succeeded to a degree with the upper class, but did nothing for the overwhelming majority of the populationthe enserfed peasantry. Conservatism Peasant unrest culminated in a great revolt (1773-75), led by Cossack Yemelyan Pugachov, that raged over much of the Volga River Basin and the Ural Mountains before it was finally ruthlessly crushed by military force. The revolt marked a turn toward more reactionary internal policy. READ: Essay about College Tuition Is Too High EssayThe Cossack army was disbanded, and other Cossacks were granted special privileges in an effort to transform them into loyal supporters of the autocracy. The revolt alerted Catherine to the necessity for reform. In 1775, she reorganized the local administration, integrated the Cossacks into the regular army, and put the serfs belonging to the Russian Orthodox Church under the administration of the state. In 1785, she issued two chartersto the towns and to the nobilityto involve the educated classed in local administration in return for protection of their status and property rights. In similar spirit, Catherine established the Free Economic Society to encourage the modernization of agriculture and industry. She promoted trade and the development of underpopulated regions by inviting foreign settlers such as the Volga Germans, and she founded new towns (Odessa, for example) and enterprises on the Black Sea. Herself a prolific writer, Catherine patronized arts and letters, permitted the establishment of private printing presses, and relaxed censorship rules. Under her guidance the University of Moscow and the Academy of Sciences became internationally recognized centers of learning; she also increased the number of state and private schools. As a result, the Russian nobility, and some townspeople, also began to organize associations for the promotion of schools and publications. Catherine, who did not want to surrender control over social and cultural policy, viewed these activities with suspicion. The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and the publication of Alexandre Radishchevs journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 1790, in which the author denounced the evils of serfdom, the immorality of society, and the abuses of government, prompted Catherine to impose repressive measures, which in turn alienated many of the educated. Finally, Catherine vastly expanded the Russian empire. Following the two successful wars against Turkey (the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768-74 and 1787-92), Russia secured the Crimea and thus realized a centuries-old dream of establishing itself on the north shore of the black Sea. The fertile lands of the Ukraine were also opened for settlement and soon became the granary of Europe. Catherine also participated in the partitions of Poland (1772,1792, and 1795) bringing a large part of that country under Russian rule. Catherine had twenty-one lovers, and her spirit doctor inspected them all before they could be her lover but Sergei Vasiljevits Saltykov (father of her first son) and Grigori Orlov (father of second son) were special to her. Upon the death of Catherine on November 17, 1796, modern Russian society was organized and its culture had struck firm roots. Russia was also playing a determining role in world affairs.

Individual project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual project - Research Paper Example Differences also affect the reach to social resources, decision making, and performance potential due to lack of opportunities for a particular group. Power and authority also gets the impact from diversity issues in the workplace resulting in gaps in rewards that affect the outcomes. Human resource management plays a strategic role in the success of a firm. There are a number of issues and situations that a human resource handles in day-to-day functions. Other than maintaining the ethical standards and concepts, a human resource manager is responsible to manage workplace diversity in the organization for the strategic benefit of the firm. Challenges of workplace diversity can be met by motivating workforce via gain-sharing and executive information system via planning, organizing, and managing the human resources. Dimensions of workplace diversity relate but are not limited to age, ethnicity, ancestry, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, sexual orientation, educational background, geographic location, income, marital status, military experience, religious beliefs, parental status, and work experience (Dr. Chan, 2010). In the book, Beyond Race and Gender, R. Roosevelt Thomas defines managing diversity as "a comprehensive managerial process for developing an environment that works for all employees" (Lindenberger & Stolz-Loike, 2010). Workforce diversity impacts organizational outcomes. According to DiTomaso et al. (2007), interest in the concept of workforce diversity was a way to identify the sudden changes in social set up that impacted the organizations widely. Although these changes in society were not abrupt but the cultural and demographic diversity impacted the workplace environment greatly. The structural dealing among groups affects the results in the short and long term. The concept has been discussed much with regard to dissemination of service in the workgroups or organizations although sufficient research has

Strategic HR Management - Job Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic HR Management - Job Analysis - Essay Example and objectives so as to enhance business performance and build up organizational culture that promote innovation, competitive advantage and flexibility† (Becker, & Huselid, 2006). In the organizational setting SHRM strategy is adopted in order to augment the existing HR policies and initiatives as a strategic component by many organizations. Thus in the formation and implementation of the organization’s strategies through HR activities such as selecting, recruiting, rewarding workers for their performances and training them, the management focuses on the labor productivity. Many writers in the 1980s began to focus on a more strategic approach for the management of human resources rather than the traditional concept of people management or industrial relations. SHRM concentrates on human resource programs with long-term goals. Rather than concentrating on internal human resources, the emphasis is on looking at and solving problems that affect people management programs on a global scale and in the long run. As such the main objective of strategic human resources is to enhance people productivity by concentrating on business obstacles that take place outside of human resources. The main activities of a strategic human resource manager should be to find out key HR areas where strategies could be implemented in the long run so as to enhance the overall employee productivity and motivation. Communication between top management and HR of a firm is important as co-operation is not possible without active participation (Fine, & Cronshaw, 1999). The key feature s of SHRM are; Job analysis can be defined as â€Å"A job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. You need as much data as possible to put together a job description, which is the frequent outcome of the job analysis. Additional outcomes include recruiting plans, position postings and

Dana Hall Essay Example for Free

Dana Hall Essay Develop an action plan, taking into consideration the organizational context and current understanding of the issues. In this assignment, you are asked to stretch your thinking a bit, by designing a preliminary action plan based on your analysis of the Dana Hall case. Instructions 1. Review the action research you have completed thus far on the Dana Hall case. 2. Design a preliminary action plan for addressing the issue at Dana Hall. Use the Action Research Template (in the Resources below) to guide the development of your action plan. Your plan should: o Emphasize the problem definition stage (Stage 1 of the ARPP), including the generation of alternative courses of action. o Align with the problem definition. o Include analysis of the Dana Hall situation and the organizational context of the problem. o Establish alternatives and your choice for a course of action. 3. Present you analysis of the problem and your preliminary action plan. Choose one of the following two options.

Transformation of Japan Essay -- History Historical Japanese Essays

Transformation of Japan During the time period between the 1850s and 1950s, Japan underwent massive changes politically, economically, and socially. Acknowledging the failure of isolation, Japan imitated the West in an attempt to modernize, however, still retaining its own identity. A reorganized and more centralized government allowed Japan to industrialize in half the time it took the nations of Western Europe. Industrialization provided Japan with the tools needed to transform itself from a half civilized and â€Å"backwards† society during isolation, to a dominating superpower during WWII.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1853 during the Tokugawa shogunate, Matthew Perry, an American commodore, arrived with an army at Edo Bay to coerce the Japanese government to allow the Americans to trade. In 1856, Japan signed a treaty opening two ports to the United States trade. Soon, other nations such as Britain, Russia, and Holland won similar rights. The opening of Japan to the West created opposition among its people and in the 1860s political crisis came into the open. In 1866, civil war broke out. The samurai armed with the surplus of weapons from the American Civil War defeated the shogunate force. The civil war ended, when the victorious reform group proclaimed Mutsuhito, often called the â€Å"Meiji† meaning enlightened one, emperor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new Meiji government promptly went about making reforms to the political structure. Feudalism was abolished and replaced with a system, similar to that of the French, of nationally appointing prefects, or district administrators. In the 1870s, the samurai class was abolished and a draft was created to produce a new army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Meiji leaders traveled abroad to study economic organization, political institutions, and technological advances. The bureaucracy was reorganized and opened to men of talent through the civil service exams. In 1889, a new constitution was issued based on German prototype. It recognized the supremacy of the emperor, but limited the powers for the lower house of Diet. Under the constitution, the emperor commanded the military and chose his own ministers. The Diet had power to pass law and budget if both sides agreed. Voting rights were determined by the amount of property owned; leaving the majority of the population the inability to vote. Japan’s government was centralized and authoritarian, but incorporated busines... ...shment of the samurai and their fixed salaries that were replaced by worthless government bonds, many became poor. However, during industrialization individual samurai, as well as, several peasants were able to find opportunities and thus could gain social mobility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many Japanese copied Western clothing and hairstyles as an attempt to modernize. Japan adopted the Western calendar and metric system. Education incorporated Western teaching in science and mathematics. Several Japanese converted to Christianity. Despite adopting Western trends, the Japanese managed to preserve their traditional values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, Japan became a world giant equal to their Western counterparts. Isolation ended with forced entry by the West. The Japanese government effectively centralized and laid the foundations for industrialization. Industrialization led to economic growth. Economic growth led to a shift in foreign policy to imperialism. In the stages of imperialism, the military took control of government, thus their entry into WWII. After WWII, Japan was slightly devastated but still was able to recover and situate themselves as a dominant superpower for years to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Environmental Impacts Of The Desalination Process Environmental Sciences Essay

More and more importance is being given to desalinization of saltwater as H2O resources are rapidly being used up. Apart from the fact that it solves H2O deficit in some parts, desalinization is besides associated with environmental impacts. For case, it has been deemed responsible for change of the marine ecosystem in related countries. There are presently a batch of active desalinization workss around the universe. Five journal articles will be used as beginnings for environmental impacts of desalinization. The effects of the byproduct discharged from desalinization workss which affect aquatic life in assorted portion of the universe will be discussed. Furthermore, possible emanation of nursery gases by desalinization workss will besides be investigated. Each primary article will be evaluated on a scaling system of 1* to 10* where 1* agencies that the article had small relevancy to the research rubric, and 10* demoing entire relevancy. Elevated discharge of seawater as byproduct due to increased sum of saltwater desalinization could perchance impact ecosystems. In this survey, the research workers investigated the consequence of seawater and hence the impact of desalinization on a hayfield of the seagrass Posidoia Oceanic which has been exposed to brine discharge for a clip oversight of more than 6 old ages. A comparative field survey was conducted whereby environmental factors ( salt, sum of dissolved foods, dissolved inorganic C and pH ) , meadow features ( screen and shoot denseness ) and works traits ( morphometrics, N and P content in the tissues ) were measured in an undisturbed country of shallow P. Oceanic hayfield and in an country of the hayfield having the seawater discharge. The H2O samples collected at the discharge site had a higher salt and higher sums of dissolved inorganic C as compared to the undisturbed country or the mention site. The screen and shoot denseness of the hayfield were determined to be approximately the same at both sites. The seawater discharge caused of import alterations in the works traits such as increased N content in the works tissues, lower glutamine synthetase activity, lower content of non-structural saccharides and besides debasement of the works wellness as compared to the workss in the mention site. The research workers hence concluded that P. Oceania is sensitive to the high salt and eutrophication caused by seawater discharge. Keywords: discharge, environmental factors, glutamine systhetase, salt, eutrophication Gacia, E, Invers, O, Manzanera, M, Ballesteros, E & A ; Romero, J 2007. ImpactA of theA brineA fromA a desalinization plantA onA a shallow seagrassA ( Posidonia oceanica ) meadow.A Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 579-590.Rating: iiiiiiiiStack emanations from desalinization workss: a parametric sensitiveness analysis for exposure appraisal Despite being one of the chief techniques used in order satisfy the high demands of drinkable H2O, desalinization is besides associated with environmental impacts such as air pollution. The purpose of this survey was to measure the air emanations from desalinization workss utilizing a simulating theoretical account. The Industrial Source Complex-3 theoretical account was used to carry on air scattering simulations in order to measure the impact of sulfur dioxide stack emanations from a combined H2O distillment and power coevals works on air quality. SO2 concentrations at antecedently defined location of receptors were measured under different instances of meteoric state of affairs such as air currents velocity and humidness. A parametric sensitiveness analysis was conducted to measure the consequence of the input parametric quantities on the fake consequences for near-field and far-field receptors. Different scenarios produced different sum of SO2 recorded and from the fake consequen ces, it was determined that the most of import parametric quantity impacting SO2 concentrations at the receptors include wind velocity, stack tallness, temperature and speed. The parametric sensitiveness analysis showed that stable atmospheric conditions and low air current caused the worst exposure degree of SO2. The SO2 concentrations recorded both at near-field and far-field receptors exceeded the wellness criterion developed by the World Health Organisation under most scenarios. Keywords: drinkable H2O, scattering, sulfur dioxide, distillment, receptors, atmospheric I. Alameddine, ME 2005. Stack emanations from desalinization workss: a parametric sensitiveness analysis for exposure appraisal. Desalination 177: 15-29.Rating: iiiiiiDesalination engineering waste watercourses: Consequence of pH and salt on metamorphosis of marine microbic gatherings More and more attending is being given presents to the possible negative impacts of the desalinization engineering on the environment. This survey examines the consequence of salt and pH on the bacterial production rate of marine microbic gatherings at 600m below sea surface degree and at one ambiance. Water samples were collected at three different locations, Delaware Bay, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean and a refractometer was used to find the salt while a pH metre was used to find the pH of the H2O. Bacterial production rate was measured utilizing the leucine incorporation method. Pressurisation and depressurisation experiments were set up in order to imitate the effects of a hydrate-based desalinization on the microbic gathering in outflowing waste watercourse. For samples from the Delaware Bay, as salt increased from 29.5 to 60 PSU, there was a 57 % lessening in heterotrophic bacterial production. A bead of pH from 8.00 to 4.88 caused a 96 % lessening in bacterial production. S imilar consequences were obtained for the Atlantic Ocean H2O samples. Pacific Ocean H2O samples that were pressurised showed a lessening of 40 % in bacterial production after 1hr decompression while replicate samples showed a 43 % addition in bacterial production with addition in salt after 24 hr decompression. The addition in bacterial production could to be due to community version. Heterotrophic bacterial production rate therefore decreases with increasing salt and diminishing pH. Keywords: refractometer, pressurisation, depressurisation, wastewater, decompression, heterotrophic Montgomery, MT, Boyd, TJ, Osburn, CL, Plummer, RE, Masutani, SM & A ; Coffin, RB 2009. Desalination engineering waste watercourses: Consequence of pH and salt on metamorphosis of marine microbic gatherings. Desalination 249: 861-864. Rating: iiiiiii Chlorophyll and plankton of the Gulf coastal Waterss of Saudi Arabia surrounding a desalinization works Phyto- and Zooplankton both play an of import function in the marine ecosystem as primary and secondary manufacturers severally. The current survey was carried out to look into the relationship between fluctuation in chlorophyll and plankton production due to a desalinization works operation near Al-Jubail in the coastal Waterss of Saudi Arabia. Areas concerned by the survey were the consumption and discharge zones at the works. Surface and bottom H2O samples were obtained to find the chlorophyll pigments and H2O quality factors. Analysis of chlorophyll pigments a, B and degree Celsius was made utilizing the spectrophotometric method while Plankton samples were taken utilizing a Nansen plankton cyberspace and examined utilizing by standard processs. The research was done on based a seasonal, one-year, and inter-annual survey. The biological status of the entry and release sites stayed for the most portion rich and stable. The figures on chlorophyll pigments revealed that the lasting harvest of phytoplankton remained striking during most of the seasons. Research workers concluded that ecological factors such as temperature and conduction did non move as confining factor for growing of phytoplankton. They besides concluded that the discharge from the works did non encroach upon the general species fundamental law. Keywords: ecosystem, discharge zone, pigments, spectrophotometric Abdul Azis, PK, Al-Tisan, IA, Daili, MA, Green, TN, Dalvi, AGI & A ; Javeed, MA 2003. Chlorophyll and plankton of the Gulf coastal Waterss of Saudi Arabia surrounding a desalinization works. Desalination 154: 291-302.Rating: iiiiiiiPreliminary consequences of the monitoring of the seawater discharge produced by the SWRO desalinization works of Alicante ( SE Spain ) Desalination of saltwater by contrary osmosis has become a widely used method but the environmental impacts caused by seawater as the byproduct can non be disregarded. The purpose of this article is to supervise the seawater discharge from the Alicante saltwater desalinization works and find its spacial and seasonal distribution. Furthermore, the possible impact of the discharge on hayfields of Posidonia Oceania and communities of echinoderm will be quantified. Salinity was measured at more than hundred sampling Stationss at the seawater discharge site. The geoeas plan was used in order to obtain the graphical spacial representation of the salt informations. New and dead shoots of the P. Oceanic, every bit good as denseness of echinoderms were estimated at three different Stationss, one being in forepart of the discharge site of the desalinization works and the two others being controls. Highest salt was found to be at the thermocline degree. Dilution at the discharge topographic poi nt was found to be fast but a higher stableness was obtained far from the discharge. Additions of salt were observed far off from the discharge topographic point. There was an absence of echinoderms in forepart of the desalinization works but a considerate sum at a northern vicinity where the seawater degree is low. Number of new shoots of P. Oceania was determined to be higher than sum of dead shoots but with deteriorated works wellness in the hayfields found in forepart of the desalinization works. Absence of echinoderms acted as an index of the effects of brine discharge of the works on marine communities. Therefore, the consequences obtained suggested that the dilution of the seawater discharged could be lower than the recognized degree which may impact Marine ecosystems. Keywords: echinoderm, thermocline degree, Posidonia Oceanic, Marine ecosystemsFernandez-Torquemada, Y, Sanchez-Lizaso, JL & A ; Gonzalez-Correa, JM 2005. Preliminary consequences of the monitoring of the seawater discharge produced by the SWRO desalinization works of the Alicante ( SE Spain ) . Desalination 182: 395-402.Rating: iiiiiiImpact of the seawater from a desalinization works on a shallow seagrass ( Posidonia oceanica ) hayfield Abstraction Although saltwater desalinization has increased signii ¬?cantly over recent decennaries, small attending has been paid to the impact of the chief byproduct ( hypersaline H2O: seawater ) on ecosystems. In the Mediterranean, potentially the most affected ecosystems are hayfields of the endemic seagrass Posidonia Oceania. We studied the consequence of seawater on a shallow P. Oceania hayfield exposed to change by reversal osmosis seawater discharge for more than 6 old ages. P. oceanica proved to be really sensitive to both eutrophication and high salts derived from the seawater discharge. Affected workss showed high air plant burden and N content in the foliages, high frequences of mortification Markss, low entire non-structural saccharides and low glutamine synthetase activity, compared to command workss. However, there was no indicant of extended diminution of the affected hayfield. This is likely due to its really shallow state of affairs, which consequences in high incident radiat ion every bit good as fast dilution and scattering of the seawater plume. Stack emanations from desalinization workss: a parametric sensitiveness analysis for exposure appraisal Abstraction The desalinization market has been continuously turning to augment conventional H2O resources in waterless and semi-arid parts that are sing population growing, betterments in life-style, increased economic activity and increased taint of bing H2O supplies. The debut of desalinization workss is necessarily associated with several possible environmental impacts including possible air pollution. The present survey focuses on measure uping air emanations ensuing from desalinization workss and their possible impacts utilizing a instance survey attack for an bing combined power coevals and H2O distillment works. The Industrial Source Complex ( ISC ) air scattering theoretical account was adopted to measure sulfur dioxide concentrations at sensitive receptors under worst instance meteoric conditions and full burden operation for both workss. A parametric sensitiveness analysis showed that receptors are exposed to concentrations transcending international criterions under most scenarios ask ing extenuation steps which were defined. Desalination engineering waste watercourses: Consequence of pH and salt on metamorphosis of marine microbic gatherings abstract Efi ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uents from desalinization engineerings may ini ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence natural bacterial gatherings due to alterations in salt, pH, dissolved organic C concentration ( DOC ) , DOC quality and cellular hydrostatic force per unit area. Salinity, pH, and force per unit area alteration effects on heterotrophic bacterial production ( as measured by leucine incorporation ) were examined in experiments with surface H2O from the Delaware Bay, Atlantic Ocean and Pacii ¬?c Ocean. Bacterial production decreased by 57-67 % when salt of Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay surface H2O samples were increased from ambient to 60 PSU. Decreasing ambient saltwater pH from 8.0 to below 5.0 with CO2 gas reduced production by 96-100 % . Decreasing saltwater pH by 1.5units at 33 PSU caused tantamount suppression to increasing salt by 27 PSU ( pH 8.0 ) . Bacterial production in Pacii ¬?c Ocean surface H2O pressurized for 72 H was decreased 40 % by increasing salt, when measured 1h after decompression. However, production increased 43 % with increasing salt when measured 24 H after decompression. One account for these divergent effects between the 1- and 24-h sampling at ambient pH may be community version. Strains amongst the natural gathering that survived the pressurization by saturating their membrane phospholipids would probably be better adapted to vie for available foods under elevated salt. Chlorophyll and plankton of the Gulf coastal Waterss of Saudi Arabia surrounding a desalinization works Abstraction As on land, workss are the existent manufacturers in the sea, and on them depend all marine living resources and the basic sustainability of ecosystems. Primary production is performed by chlorophyll-bearing workss runing horn the bantam phytoplankton to the elephantine kelps through the procedure ofphotosynthesis. Zooplankton play an of import function as secondary manufacturers, and together with phytoplankton they support the huge gatherings of marine nutrient concatenation with all their diverseness and complexness. Data on chlorophyll pigments, phytoplankton and zooplankton are regarded as a sound footing for environmental assessment of ecosystems. This paper presents a set of informations collected Ii-om the Saudi Arabian coastal Waterss near the desalinization workss in AI-Jubail. Materials were collected from six different sites covering the consumption and discharge zones during sails carried out in 1997-1998. Analysiss of chlorophyll pigments were made utilizing the spectro photometric method. Plankton samples were collected utilizing a Nansen plankton cyberspace with a mesh size of 75 P and analyzed following criterion processs. Chlorophyll a, B, degree Celsius andphaeophytin are the most commonly happening pigments in saltwater. Their concentrations showed broad fluctuation. The phytoplankton community was composed of 35 genera stand foring the Diatoms, Dinoflagellates and blue- green algae. Zooplankton were composed ofprotozoa, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Aschehninthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Chordata. Arthropoda, represented by Cladocera, Copepoda and Crustacean larvae, formed the largest group followed by Chordata. The distribution of phyto- and zooplankton was examined and discussed on a seasonal, one-year and inter-annual footing. In footings of species, overall species composing was non affected by works discharge. The survey brings out a greater apprehension of the alterations experienced by biotic communities as a con sequence of encroachment, entrainment and entrapment consequent to H2O transition through the works structures. The survey reflects the ecological relationships that the phytoplankton and the zooplankton of the part possess Cith regard to intake and dispatch. Further, the survey has brought to illume a really redemptive characteristic of the ecosystem to prolong its productiveness and planktonic copiousness. It was observed that saltwater temperature, conduction and entire suspended solids did non move as confining factors. Besides throwing much visible radiation on the small known biological facets of desalinization sites, the informations provided constitute a important add-on to the cognition base of Marine life resources in an industrial zone of Gulf coastal Waterss. Preliminary consequences of the monitoring of the seawater discharge produced by the SWRO desalinization works of Alicante ( SE Spain ) Abstraction Datas from monitoring of the scattering and effects of the hypersaline wastewaters originated by desalinization workss are really scarce. The aim of this paper is to show the monitoring, on clip and infinite, of the seawater discharge originated by the Alicante saltwater desalinization works ( SE Spain ) . Since the saltwater contrary osmosis ( SWRO ) desalinization works started to run in September 2003, to the day of the month, three runs were made in order to find the seasonal and spacial distribution of the seawater plume and its dilution along the country. One twelvemonth after the works operation, the consequences obtained at these runs have shown that dilution of the seawater may be lower than the normally accepted and it may impact important extensions of marine communities. Due to the recent development of the desalinization activity in our state the information obtained in this work can be considered truly utile for its application to future similar undertakings in the Medi terranean Sea.

Andok’s Litson

Andoks Litson is a major brand of specially roasted chicken in Philippines. The major products they sell are the Litson Manok which is a roasted variety of chicken and also the Dokito Frito which is a fried variety of chicken. The chicken is prepared adding a lot of other ingredients which are not the typical ones used in the common preparation. Some of the ingredients that are used include sugar, spice, rice, various beverages etc. They also sell a variety of pork dishes like the litson liempo, lechon kawali, pork sisig, pork barbeque etc. Beef dishes like beef steak rice and corned beef egg rice, fish dishes like bangus and bangus rice, exclusive egg dishes and desserts are also available at the Andoks Litson outlet. Andoks Litson started picking up its name from 1985 from when a small shop was opened in Baler Street. Now, the outlets are more than 300 in number and are located across the nation. In a couple of years from 1985 when it all began, the company opened around 11 of its outlets around the area and in less than 20 years, they opened more than a few hundreds of its outlets and many of them are located in the top malls of the country. Now the company is looking forward to open new outlets across the world. The targets of the company in years to come itself are appreciable. Their prior aim is to be known as the best native food company that gets an international recognition at the same time. They want to be innovative with the way they go about cooking and also wants to provide the best customer care. They also want to make the world aware of the delicious cooking style of Philippino that can even attract the tourists. They also allow individuals to start a Franchise by which they mean they get access to use the standard logo and other trademark symbols. They always get updated about the working and also they get all the help in order to open the new store. The advertising and others are all managed by the company and they also give training to the employee. They also give a subsidy on the raw materials that they use for the preparation. There are 2 different options available for being a franchise. One is for an outlet which takes around 500,000 pesos and the other is for an outlet with a dine-in facility. This one may cost around 300,000 pesos. This does not include furnishings, devices to cook and others. The tenure of each agreement is for about 3-5 years and then it can be renewed. Andoks Litson guarantees its customers satisfaction to the best of their abilities. Andoks Litson is a major brand of specially roasted chicken in Philippines. The major products they sell are the Litson Manok which is a roasted variety of chicken and also the Dokito Frito which is a fried variety of chicken. The chicken is prepared adding a lot of other ingredients which are not the typical ones used in the common preparation. Some of the ingredients that are used include sugar, spice, rice, various beverages etc. They also sell a variety of pork dishes like the litson liempo, lechon kawali, pork sisig, pork barbeque etc. Beef dishes like beef steak rice and corned beef egg rice, fish dishes like bangus and bangus rice, exclusive egg dishes and desserts are also available at the Andoks Litson outlet. Andoks Litson started picking up its name from 1985 from when a small shop was opened in Baler Street. Now, the outlets are more than 300 in number and are located across the nation. In a couple of years from 1985 when it all began, the company opened around 11 of its outlets around the area and in less than 20 years, they opened more than a few hundreds of its outlets and many of them are located in the top malls of the country. Now the company is looking forward to open new outlets across the world. The targets of the company in years to come itself are appreciable. Their prior aim is to be known as the best native food company that gets an international recognition at the same time. They want to be innovative with the way they go about cooking and also wants to provide the best customer care. They also want to make the world aware of the delicious cooking style of Philippino that can even attract the tourists. They also allow individuals to start a Franchise by which they mean they get access to use the standard logo and other trademark symbols. They always get updated about the working and also they get all the help in order to open the new store. The advertising and others are all managed by the company and they also give training to the employee. They also give a subsidy on the raw materials that they use for the preparation. There are 2 different options available for being a franchise. One is for an outlet which takes around 500,000 pesos and the other is for an outlet with a dine-in facility. This one may cost around 300,000 pesos. This does not include furnishings, devices to cook and others. The tenure of each agreement is for about 3-5 years and then it can be renewed. Andoks Litson guarantees its customers satisfaction to the best of their abilities.

Ethical Problems and Solutions with Tylenol and Enron Essays

Ethical Problems and Solutions with Tylenol and Enron Essays Ethical Problems and Solutions with Tylenol and Enron Paper Ethical Problems and Solutions with Tylenol and Enron Paper Ethical Problems and Solutions With Ethylene and Enron I Many large corporations are often are faced with ethical issues that deterred-nine the success of the company. Two of the most famous companies that were faced with ethical dilemmas was Johnson and Johnson and Enron, One oftenest companies was able to deal with their ethical dilemma correctly and it saved the company, while the other company did not properly handle its ethical issues and it resulted in the collapse of the company. In the late sass Johnson and Johnson produced a pain killer called Ethylene. Ethylene was a very successful product in the LIST. Ethylene was responsible for Gig percent fashion Johnnys corporate profits during the first 3 quarters Of 1982. Ethylene was the major leader in the painkiller industry. On Wednesday, September 29, 1982 a sick girl in Illinois took an Extra-Strength Ethylene and later on in the evening was sick and rushed to the hospital which pronounced her dead. This girl was one of seven Chicago residents to die after taking the Extra Strength Ethylene. The following day ( Tuesday, September 30th) the executives of Ethylene where notified about the crisis. Johnson camp; Johnson, the maker of Ethylene, were faced with a huge ethical issue, people where dying trot their product and they had no idea why, should they pull all of the Ethylene products off the shelf in stores and suffer a major lose? Or should they play it out and see what happens? On Thursday afternoon, Johnson ; Johnson announced a recall to all Ethylene bottles that had the code number MCCABE. This meant that they had been manufactured at the companys Fort Washington factory. The Fort Washington plant had distributed in to all states east of the Mississippi River. On the same day the executives of Johnson and Johnson immediately alerted consumers across the nation, thought the media, not to consume any type of Ethylene product. On Friday September 31st, one day after the recall another person was found dead from the Ethylene. This persons Ethylene bottle had the lot number of 1801 MA this lot was not part of Talents original recall. Ethylene was now forced to recall all Of it Extra Straight Ethylene capsules, which it did. A major investigation was launched and it was determined that Ethylene capsules had been laced With cyanide. Johnson and Johnson further investigated into the matter and found that the Ethylene bottles hadnt been tampered with at the factories in which they were produced. This meant a person had taken the bottles from store, and filled them with poison and then returned them to stores. Johnson Johnson reacted to the crisis swiftly; they launched a massive public relations campaign urging the people not to use Ethylene and pushed stored to take the bottle of the shelves. The company also ordered a national recall Of 264,000 bottles Of Ethylene. Unlike today in the 1982 it was highly unusual or a company to recall any of their products. One fashion Johnnys bestselling products was now completely in shambles and many speculated that Johnson and Johnson would never be able to recover from the disaster. However Ethylene was able to recover, Ethylene made preventive measures to prevent anything like this from happening again. Ethylene created a triple seal for all their medications to prevent anyone from tampering with the contents. Ethylene also Set up a 1800 number to give the public updated information and the CEO gave personal messages explaining the problem and hat Ethylene did to prevent this from happening again. Ethylene sympathized with the families who lost love one and gave them money and support, even though they ere not directly responsible for the deaths. Because to the their swift actions, sympathy and extremely ethical decision to pull the product of the shelves, within months Ethylene was back on store shelves with a new and improved new safety seal The recall and re-launch cost Johnson camp; Johnson over $100 million, but in the end, Johnson ; Johnson was praised for its handling of the crisis. Within a year, Ethylenes market share rebounded and they ere successfully able to patch up their brand image in the eyes of consumers. Scholarly Journals Vass quoted saying The Ethylene crisis is Without a doubt the most exemplary case ever known in the history of crisis communications. Any business executive, Who has ever stumbled into a public relations ambush, ought to appreciate the way Johnson Johnson responded to the Ethylene poisonings. They have effectively demonstrated how major business has to handle a disaster. The Ethylene murders were never catch and brought to justice. The one positive outcome of the disaster was that it led all drug makers to develop temperature leas for their products, this was something that was virtually nonexistent before the Ethylene crisis. To further show how well Johnson recovered from their lose; In 1982, Johnson Johnnys stock, had been trading near a 52-week high just before the tragedy, after the tragedy the stock went into a selling frenz y but it manages to recover to its high selling points only two months later. Investors have had little to complain. It you had invested $1,000 in Johnson camp; Johnson shares on September 28, 1982, just before the first Ethylene episode, you would have $22,062 today, after four stock splits. Enron was an American energy, commodities, and Services Company based in Houston, Texas. Before the 21st century began Enron employed over 20,000 people. Enron made money by selling electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and paper. Enron claimed revenues of nearly SOCIO billion in the year 2000. Fortune named Enron Americas Most Innovative Company for six consecutive years. Enron was a publicly traded company and was highly trusted by investors. The Enron flourished during the dotcom boom of the ass. In November 1 939, Enron launched Unreasoning. This was the first web-based transaction system that allowed buyers and sellers to buy, sell, and trade commodity products globally. At its peak, over $6 billion worth Of commodities were transacted through Enrolling every day. This site allowed Enron to transact with participants in the global energy markets. On the books Enron looked like it was doing extremely well, and many investors sought to buy their stocks. At its peak, Enron was worth about $70 billion, its shares trading for about $90 each. Enron was considered a blue chip stock and therefore was considered to able very stable and trustworthy. All that came crashing down starting in October 2001, when the company admitted that it had misstated its income and that its equity value was a couple of billion dollars less than its balance sheet. The following is the flow of events that lead to Enrons downfall: On October 16, 2001 Enron reported earnings included unexpected after tax charge of $MM. Following that, on October 22 Enrons stock fell by to $20. 65. This raised some red flags and the SEC asked for disclosure of investment partners. On November 8th, stock price at $8. 41 because of media scrutiny about overstatement of net income and understatement of debt. The media kept on bashing Enron until on November 28 stock trading at just over $1. 00 and finally on December 2 Enron filed for bankruptcy. Enron had made many partnerships with companies it had created, and it used those partnerships to hide from the public huge debts and heavy losses on its trading businesses. At the same time, Arthur Andersen, the Accounting company that audited Enrons books, failed to recognize the companys problems. Some even say that Arthur Andersen was in with Enron on cooking the books, created one of the biggest frauds snarled in history. Enron created offshore entities. These entities made Enron look more profitable than it actually was, and created a dangerous downward effect. In each quarter, corporate officers and management would have to perform more and more financial deception and hiding debts in their off shore accounts to create the illusion of billions in profits while the company was actually losing money. This practice drove up their stock price to new levels, at which point the executives began to work on insider information and trade millions of dollars worth of Enron stock. Many of the executives and insiders at Enron knew about the offshore accounts that were hiding losses for the company; however, the investors knew nothing of this. The COOP Andrew Pastoral led the team which created the off-books companies, and manipulated the deals to give himself, his family, and his friends hundreds of millions of dollars in guaranteed stock revenue, at the expense of the corporation for which he provoked and its stockholders. The Board of Directors and Senior Management was also unethically aggressively promoted shares publicly while privately unloading their shares. All this was done so they could make more money at the cost Of their employees and stock holders, Who at the end Of the day lost all their money and trust in the firm. Kenneth Lay, the founder of Enron was also accused of selling over SIS million worth Of stock in insider trading. He sold another $20 million worth Of stock in the open market. Lays wife. Linda, was accused of selling 500,000 shares of Enron stock totaling $1. 2 million on November 28, 2001 The money earned from this sale did not go to the family but rather to charitable organizations which was quite surprising. Records show that Mrs.. Lay placed the sale order sometime between 10:00 and 10:20 am. News of Enrons problems, including the millions of dollars in losses they hid went public about 10:30 that morning and the stock price soon fell to below one dollar. This was an obvious case of unethical insider trading. Enron initially planned to retain its three domestic pipeline companies as well as most of its overseas assets, However, before emerging from bankruptcy, Enron spun off its domestic pipeline companies as Crosscurrent Energy and sold other assets to Vulcan Capital Management. Enron sold its last equines, Prisms Energy, in 2006, leaving it as an asset-less shell. In early 2007, it changed its name to Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation. Its goal is to pay off the old Enrons remaining creditors. In conclusion many large corporations are often are faced with ethical issues that determine the Success Of the company. Two Of the most famous companies that ever faced with ethical dilemmas was Johnson and Johnson and Enron. Johnson and Johnson made the right ethical decision not to hide their problem from the public but rather to deal with the problem at hand in the most ethical ay, because Of this the company was able to pick themselves up and recuperate their loses.

Applied Financial Analysis and Management Research Paper

Applied Financial Analysis and Management - Research Paper Example Question 2: Paul Thompson is the chairman of the company who has an extensive industry experience of 30 years. He was the president of SCA Australasia which is part of the SCA Group. He has also held director position at the Food & Grocery Council and councilor position at the Australian Industry Group. Presently, he is also member of the Audit and Risk Committee, Remuneration Committee and Nomination Committee. Michael Iwaniw is the company’s CEO who joined the board in 2011 and holds a Bachelor of Science and a graduate diploma in business administration. He is a vast experience at director position at the Australia Barley Board (ABB) and non-executive director for various companies in the Australian foods industry. The company has 3,227 shareholders at the year end 30/6/2012. Question 3: a Market Capitalization Number of Outstanding Shares 56,810,000.00 64,763,400.00 Â   Â   Price per share as of 21/9/2012 1.14 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   b PE Multiple Price per share a s of 21/9/2012 1.14 6.79 Â   Â   Underlying EPS as of 30/6/2012 0.17 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   c Dividend Yield Divided per share as of 30/6/2012 0.08 (Full Yr) 7.02% Â   Â   Price per share as of 21/9/2012 1.14 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   d Bid Ask Spread Bid 1.13 0.01 Â   Â   Ask 1.14 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   e Enterprise Value Market Capitalization 64,763,400.00 131,363,400.00 Â   Â   Net Debt as of 30/6/2012 66,600,000.00 Â   Â   Â   Interest Bearing Debt as of 30/6/2012 68,000,000.00 Â   Â   Â   Less Cash as of 30/6/2012 1,400,000.00 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   f EV/EBIT EV 131,363,400.00 (57.11) Â   Â   EBIT (Underlying) (2,300,000.00) Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   g EV/EBITDA EV 131,363,400.00 33.68 Â   Â   EBITDA 3,900,000.00 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   h P/NTA Price per share as of 21/9/2012 1.14 0.52 Â   Â   NTA per share 2.19 Â   Â   Â   Net Total Assets (NTA) as of 30/6/2012 160,300,0 00.00 Â   Â   Â   Less: Intangible Assets as of 30/6/2012 35,700,000.00 Â   Â   Â   Outstanding Shares 56,810,000.00 Â   Source for Financial Information: (ASX, 2012) Question 4: Days inventory 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Select Harvests Limited

How dose Hydropower energy effect the environment in the State of Essay

How dose Hydropower energy effect the environment in the State of Wyoming - Essay Example This paper will discuss some of the most common ways through which hydropower energy affects the environment in the state of Wyoming. The movement of water downstream in the plant facilitates the creation of kinetic energy which can be converted into electricity. In the past, hydropower energy plants were quite reliable and efficient than most of the other sources of energy. The hydropower energy majorly depends on precipitation and changes in elevation. The construction and operation of the hydropower dams substantially affect the natural river systems. In most cases, the power plants are usually regulated by the state and federal laws to care for the surrounding and human health (Edwards 15). However, there are other environmental impacts which are closely associated with the power generation technologies. Various studies highlight that hydropower energy is an environmentally clean and safe method of producing electricity. In fact, hydropower energy is more efficient as compared to most of the other sources of electricity. In addition, hydropower energy plants do not contribute to global warming or the formation of acid rain. In the state of Wyoming, there are minor air emissions that are produced by the hydropower energy plants. This is because the amount of fuel which is burnt at the hydropower energy plants is quite negligible. These emissions can also be produced by the vegetation which is located along the riverbed of the dam. These plants can decay in the man-made lake hence releasing methane which is one of the greenhouse gases (MacKay 18). Further analysis proves the bacteria contained in the vegetation can transform mercury which is contained in the rocks in the reservoir into a soluble form. This mercury also affects the aquatic life and poses a serious threat to the citizens of Wyoming. The hydropower energy stations in Wyoming also require the use of man-made lakes, which usually affects the

Impeachment of two U.S. Presidents, Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton Essay

Impeachment of two U.S. Presidents, Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton - Essay Example A number of U.S Presidents were impeached from office, but the paper focuses on the comparison between Bill Clinton’s impeachment with Richard Nixon’s in the 1970s. In 1974, the United States court case against Richard Nixon took place. The Judiciary Committee passed three articles, but Nixon resigned from power prior to the vote by the whole House. The first article in accusation of Nixon stated that he had made misleading and false statements to try and cover up the Watergate allegation. Watergate was one of the plushest Hotels in Washington, yet its scandal was identified with the unlawful activities of the Nixon administration. It was carried out by five men employed by the re-election of Nixon’s campaign. It was organized to repair refined bugging instruments in the entire Democratic Party headquarters. The five men were paid with funds allocated for the Nixon re-election campaign. Investigations finally revealed that the administration upheld a â€Å"secre t intelligence fund† to probe political players and had intentionally spoiled Democratic campaigns by formulating leaks to the press. The second article argued that Nixon had breached the lawful rights of citizens and obstructed the due and right administration of justice. Clause three provided that Nixon failed to give some required information and papers to the House Judiciary committee. On the other hand, Bill Clinton’s charges in the U.S court case took place in 1998. Three articles of impeachment were created by the House Judiciary Committee, though just two were approved by the entire House. At the time when the articles were conveyed to the Senate, the number of majority vote of two thirds was not attained to make it possible to convict Clinton. The foremost item approved by the House gave the reason that Clinton had dishonored the constitutional oath by demoralizing the integrity of office as well as betraying his trust as the American President. Monica Lewinsky ’s sexual relationship with President Clinton was one of the reasons for his impeachment. Central to the entire scandal were claims that Lewinsky performed oral sex on Clinton. After the immunity test, Clinton was found innocent and resumed office. The other reason provided in the second article was that Clinton prevented, hindered, and obstructed the management of justice. The most notable fact in this case is that Nixon resigned but Clinton ignored the pressure and took it to an appeal and won the case. Nixon decided that he had to resign because he no longer had a strong political support in the Congress to enable him complete his term in Power. To him, the move was for the sake of the American citizens’ interests. On the other hand, Clinton made it clear that he was not ready to voluntarily leave office. He rejected the plea to resign even before the requests for him to step down were made. Again, he could not confess to breaking the law by lying under pledge conce rning his affair with Lewinsky, in the last hours of his impeachment. Clinton maintained that he had not committed perjury. From the above accounts, the differences between the reasons for impeaching the two presidents are clear. However, some similarities can be observed. Rationally, the articles state that both Clinton and Nixon obstructed and impeded the administration of justice. In addition, the two

Social Media as marketing, social and entertainment tool Research Paper

Social Media as marketing, social and entertainment tool - Research Paper Example A classic example is the use of Social Media by current United Sates President to reach millions of young voters (Kanter 28).A more recent even though grotesque example of Social Media power has been its use by Islamic radicals in the Middle East to post the beheading of people on social media. The act is ugly but the effect is instant and compelling. Non Profit organizations and their communities exist in the same environment that profit making one’s and politics do. The dilemma is should non profit organizations whose interest is not necessarily profit go the same way. Beth Kanter in her book The Networked Non Profit answers this question. Overcoming Fears The skepticism and concern of Help Worldwide Board and Staff members is quite understandable. However we will soon find out that the advantages of joining Social Media far outweigh the disadvantages. Social Media help to build social capital cheaply (Kanter 34) and keeping in touch with the Social Culture is vital. An example is given of the American Red Cross which lost touch with the public during Hurricane Katrina because it failed to hear criticism about it’s failure to respond quickly since it did not have the capacity to listen (Kanter 41).The organization reacted by creating a Social Media policy that was open and candid thereby embracing a new Social Culture. This signified a Culture shift (Kanter 56) that is required of all non profit organizations since Social media enables organizations to listen to millions in an easy way (Kanter 61). The saying goes that if we don’t change, change will change us.We cannot talk about change without mentioning generational change.